On page 220 Levey and Modood write, “First, should the Muhammad cartoons have been commissioned and published by Jyllands-Posten (or any responsible outlet)? Second, what response does their publication warrant, if any?” Then, on page 241, after a long discussion regarding the ins and outs of the questions above, the authors write, “Once we break with the idea that (contemporary) recism is only about biology, then we should be able to see that cultural and religious groups also can be racialised; that Muslims can be the victims of racism qua Muslims as well as qua Asians or Arabs or Bosnians.” How can it be determined if a cartoon, or other artistic description, is being done to incite racism? Should the line be drawn by members the of the community that is being targeted, or should the government (assuming a liberal democratic government) make that decision?